Importance of Statistics in Business Free Essays

The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan Auditing Intermediate Examination Autumn 2012 Module D Q. 1 5 September 2012 100 imprints †3 hours Additional perusing time †15 minutes Shahrukh and Company, Chartered Accountants, have directed the legal review of the fiscal reports of Karim Limited, a recorded organization, for the year finished 30 June 2012 under the Companies Ordinance, 1984. The activity incharge has drafted the accompanying review report: Auditors’ Report to the Members We have examined the attached monetary record of Karim Limited (the Company) as at 30 June 2012, and the related Income and Expenditure Account, Statement of Comprehensive Income, Cash Flow Statement and Statement of Changes in Equity along with the notes shaping part thereof, for the year at that point finished and we express that we have acquired all the data and clarifications which were fundamental for the reasons for our review. We will compose a custom exposition test on Significance of Statistics in Business or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now It is the obligation of the company’s the executives to build up and keep up an arrangement of interior control and plan and present the above said proclamations in similarity with the affirmed inspecting guidelines and the prerequisites of the fourth calendar to the Companies Ordinance, 1984. Our obligation is to review these announcements. We directed our review as per the examining norms as pertinent in Pakistan. These guidelines necessitate that we design and play out the review to get sensible and constrained confirmation about whether the above explanations are liberated from any error. A review incorporates analyzing proof supporting the sums and divulgences in the above said proclamations. A review additionally incorporates surveying the bookkeeping approaches and huge assessments made by the executives, just as, assessing the general introduction of the above said articulations. We accept that our review gives a sensible premise to our assessment and, after due check, we report that: (an) as we would like to think, legitimate books of records have been stayed with by the. (b) as we would see it: (I) the asset report and benefit and misfortune account along with the notes subsequently have been drawn up in similarity with the Companies Ordinance 1984, and are in concurrence with the books of record and are further as per bookkeeping approaches reliably applied; (ii) the consumption brought about during the year was in ccordance with the objects of the Company; and (iii) the business led, ventures made and the use caused during the year were with the end goal of the Company’s business; (c) as we would like to think and to the best of our data and as indicated by the clarifications given to us, the monetary record, benefit and misfortune account, explanation of far reaching pay, income proclamation and articulation of changes in value along with the notes shaping part thereof, accommodate with the endorsed bookkeeping principles as appropriate in Pakistan and give the data required by the Companies Ordinance, 1984, in the way so required and separately give a valid and reasonable perspective on the condition of the Company’s issues as at 30 June 2012; and (d) as we would see it, no zakat was deductible at source under the Zakat and Ushr Ordinance, 1980. Contracted Accountants Date: 01 September 2012 Required: Identify the blunders in the above report versus a standard legal review report. (Note: You are not required to redraft the report. ) (12 imprints) Auditing Page 2 of 3 Q. 2 As the commitment accomplice, you have evaluated the review working papers of Sa markand Limited (SL). The review group has featured the accompanying issues in the working papers. (a) 20% of the company’s recorded turnover (income) involves money deals. Legitimate records of money deals have not been kept up. Subsequently, the review group couldn't configuration review methods to check the money deals. During the current year, the organization changed the strategy for charging deterioration on its fixed resources from the straight line to the lessening balance technique. Be that as it may, all the necessary exposures have been remembered for the notes to the fiscal reports. The past year’s fiscal summaries were examined by another firm of contracted bookkeepers which has given an un-changed feeling on those budget summaries. (b) (c) Required: Discuss the effect of every one of the above issues on your review report. (10 imprints) Q. 3 You are at present in the arranging period of the review of Mineral Water Limited (MWL) for the year finished 30 June 2012. The accompanying data is accessible to you: Customer Segment Super markets Wholesalers Retailers Five star lodgings No. of Customers 12 65 553 7 Balance 10-20 21-30 31-90 gt; 90 exceptional days †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Rs. in thousand†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20,014 8,125 5,053 6,396 311 129 14,910 5,078 6,019 3,150 454 209 4,743 1,756 1,798 724 278 187 7,694 2,805 2,793 1,784 201 111 47,361 17,764 15,663 12,054 1,244 636 half arrangement for far fetched obligations has been made by MWL against balances extraordinary for over 30 days while the equalizations remarkable for over 90 days have been completely given. Required: (an) Indicate what might be the reason for choosing account holders for circularizing positive and negative solicitations for affirmations. 06 imprint) (b) Briefly disclose regarding how might you manage a circumstance where an indebted person affirms an equalization which is not quite th e same as the sum showing up in the affirmation demand. (08 imprint) Q. 4 (a) Classification of specific things detailed in the budget reports depends on the management’s aims. In such a circumstance the reviewer needs to depend on the executives portrayals. Required: List the elements that the reviewer ought to consider in assessing the management’s goals with respect to their future game-plan, as expressed in their composed portrayals. (04 imprint) (b) Briefly talk about how the inspector would manage a circumstance where he is in question with respect to the dependability of the composed portrayals gave by the administration of the organization. (05 imprint) Q. 5 Rundown the meaningful methodology that might be performed by an examiner to confirm the accompanying: (a) (b) (c) Bank compromise articulations Payroll Raw material buys (06 imprints) (08 imprints) (06 imprints) Auditing Page 3 of 3 Q. 6 List the review methods that might be performed by the inspector so as to guarantee that all occasions happening between the date of the budget reports and the date of the auditor’s report that require modification of, or exposure in, the fiscal reports are recognized and fittingly reflected in the fiscal reports. (10 imprints) Q. 7 Discuss the classes of dangers that might be engaged with every one of the accompanying autonomous circumstances and instruct the accomplices regarding the concerned firm as to the conceivable game-plan that might be followed, for each situation. a) Burewala Bank Limited (BBL) is a recorded review customer of Umer and Company, Chartered Accountants (UCC). BBL has allowed a house advance of Rs. 5 million to an accomplice in UCC. (04 imprints) Kamal was the review supervisor during the last year’s yearly review of Faisalabad Textile Mills Limited (FTML). He has joined FTML as their Manager Finance, preceding the beginning of the current year’s review. (08 imprints) (b) Q. 8 Comment on every one of the accompanying autonomous circumstances concerning the appropriate guidelines and guidelines. (a) Zaman is an accomplice in a firm of Chartered Accountants and holds 5,000 offers in Mardan Limited (ML). His firm has gotten a proposal for arrangement as evaluators of Khanewal Limited (KL). ML and KL are auxiliaries of Dera Khan Limited (DKL). (03 imprints) Bilal and Company has gotten a proposal for arrangement as examiners of IJK Limited. The absolute settled up capital of the organization is Rs. 990 million though its normal offer capital is Rs. 130 million. Faryal, the spouse of an accomplice in Bilal and Company, is an executive in LMN Limited which holds 50 million non-casting a ballot inclination offers and 2 million customary offers in IJK Limited. Faryal additionally holds 10,000 offers in LMN Limited. The standard estimation of the two sorts of offers is Rs. 10 each. (04 imprints) (b) Q. 9 List the significant issues that are required to be remembered for a review commitment letter. (06 imprints) (THE END) The most effective method to refer to Importance of Statistics in Business, Papers

Destruction and Failure of a Generation in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsb

The Great Gatsby and the Destruction of a Generation   â The excellence and wonder of Gatsby's gatherings covers the rot and defilement that lay at the core of the Roaring Twenties. The general public of the Jazz Age, as saw by Fitzgerald, is ethically bankrupt, and in this way constantly tormented by an emergency of character. Jay Gatsby, however he battles to be a piece of this world, remains unalterably an untouchable. His life is a great incongruity, in that it is a cartoon of Twenties-style flashiness: his storage room floods with hand crafted shirts; his garden overflows with the opportune individuals, all occupied with the genuine work of supreme technicality; his characteristics (his bogus British articulation, his old-kid kind disposition) are absurdly influenced. In spite of this, he can never be really a piece of the defilement that encompasses him: he remains inherently incredible. Nick Carrway mirrors that Gatsby's assurance, his elevated objectives, and in particular the great character he had always wanted sets him ov er his foul counterparts. F. Scott Fitzgerald develops Gatsby as a genuine American visionary, set against the rot of American culture during the 1920s. By lauding the heartbreaking destiny of visionaries, Fitzgerald in this way reproves 1920s America as a time of visual impairment and covetousness an age threatening to crafted by dreaming. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald proclaims the destruction of his own age.  Since America has consistently held its business visionaries in the most elevated respect, one may anticipate that Fitzgerald should extol this gallant form of the American Dreamer in the pages of his novel. Rather, Fitzgerald recommends that the cultural defilement which won during the 1920s was extraordinarily unwelcoming to visionaries; actually, it was these men who drove the most sad existences of all... ...ible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan during the 1920s. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1995. Defender, Leslie. A few Notes on F. Scott Fitzgerald. Mizener 70-76. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. 1925. New York: Scribner Classic, 1986. Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Extremes. New York: Pantheon, 1994. Posnock, Ross. 'A New World, Material Without Being Real': Fitzgerald's Critique of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby. Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgerald's Extraordinary Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: Hall, 1984. 201-13. Raleigh, John Henry. F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. Mizener 99-103. Spindler, Michael. American Literature and Social Change. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1983. Trilling, Lionel. F. Scott Fitzgerald. Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgerald's Extraordinary Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: Hall, 1984. 13-20. Â

20 Tips for an Amazing Thanksgiving on a Budget

20 Tips for an Amazing Thanksgiving on a Budget 20 Tips for an Amazing Thanksgiving Dinner on a Budget 20 Tips for an Amazing Thanksgiving Dinner on a BudgetBeing generous at  Thanksgiving  is good. But spending way more than necessary? Not so much.Thanksgiving is a time for reflection, spending time with family, and wondering how you will possibly afford this meal and all your holiday shopping without squeezing your budget and dipping into your savings account.You have a lot to be thankful for this year, but that doesn’t mean you have a bank account the size of a massive turkey leg. Although it might look more like a chicken leg â€" or even a pheasant.But never fear. It’s possible to have an incredible, unforgettable  Thanksgiving  dinner  without spending all of your gravy. Read on for tips on how you can turn your  Thanksgiving  into a Thanksaving!1. Buy in seasonAs great as it would be to have a literal cornucopia overflowing with every kind of vegetable you can imagine as your Thanksgiving centerpiece, you’re better off sticking to what’s in season. Sweet potatoes, squash , and pumpkin should be more affordable, and they’re pretty much as autumn as you can get. Brussel sprouts should also be in season, and despite what you may remember from your childhood, they can actually be quite good.2. Don’t be afraid to think inside the canFresh sounds better, but it can be much more expensive. And when it comes to something like pumpkin pie, how many people will really be able to tell whether the filling originally came from a fresh pumpkin? You can even get the cranberry sauce from a can. We won’t tell. Just make sure to smash it up so it isn’t still shaped like the can before you bring it to the table.3. Don’t be afraid of frozen vegetablesPretty much everything we just said about canned goods applies here, but for frozen vegetables. Trust us: Nobody will know if the  green beans  you put in the  casserole  were purchased from the frozen section of the  grocery store. Most frozen  veggies  are flash frozen shortly after they’re picked, so it’s cheaper and they likely will hold up much better than if you purchase them fresh and freeze them yourself.4. Collect those deals for your  shopping listWhy shop harder when you can shop smarter? “My number one recommendation for a more affordable  Thanksgiving  is to shop strategically by collecting or looking up all of the  Thanksgiving  grocery store  circulars the week before  Thanksgiving,” said Katie Moseman, food blogger at  Recipe For Perfection. “You’ll be able to compare prices between stores on all the items you need, then make a shopping plan to pick up everything at the most affordable price.”5. Get your phone in on the actionThere’s something to be said for the lost art of manually clipping coupons from those pamphlets that appear on your front stoop or in your mailbox. But we also have technology your grandmother’s coupon drawer could only dream about, and there’s nothing wrong with using it. Consider checking out your savings apps so you can get the be st prices on all of your Turkey Day provisions. If youre looking to avoid coupons altogether, you can check out some extra savings tips here.6. Recipe for successNo doubt you already have a whole collection of classic Thanksgiving recipes, but it doesn’t hurt to learn some more. There are many budget-friendly recipes online just waiting to be found. Moseman even shared two she created herself that shouldn’t too drastically tap into your Thanksgiving meal bank account: southern style squash casserole  and  foolproof boneless turkey breast.7. Don’t fear the  potluck    You’re hosting the dinner and presumably preparing most of the food. There’s nothing wrong with asking the guests to do their part. In fact, Andrea Correale, founder and CEO of  Elegant Affairs Catering, suggested just that very thing: “Delegate, delegate, and delegate. Ask your guests to contribute to the feast! Let them know what it is you have covered and ask them to bring the rest. Make a list of who is bringing what so you can be sure each person who contributes is bringing something different. Again, it is all about sharing in a delicious meal.” Bonus: You’ll save money too!8. Skip unnecessary serving stuffIf you’re having more people in your home than you have before, you may think you’ll need to invest in lots of additional serving utensils and dishes. According to Correale, that may not be the case: “It’s fun to present the food in an oven-to-table fashion,  serve the food right from the vessels they were cooked in, and eliminate the mess and space it takes to transfer the food into decorative bowls. I like to place little blackboard menu signs that I purchase at the craft store next to each dish to add a special touch.”9. Sometimes, more is too muchThere’s a tendency to go overboard on the food when it comes to  Thanksgiving  dinner. But making too many different dishes may not only cut into the budget, it may lessen the enjoyment of the later dishes. Here’ s what Correale had to say: “Don’t overstuff your guests with a lot of  appetizers. Not only do they take up room in your tiny space, but in your guests’ stomachs, as well. We want them nice and hungry for dinner, so they enjoy the fruits of our labor.”10. Take good stock of what you already haveGot any old cans in the back of your cabinet that you totally forgot were there? What about frozen vegetables in the back of your freezer? Before you get started on shopping, see what you can make with what you’ve already got lying around. Unless you have a spare turkey lying around, you’ll probably still have to do quite a bit of shopping, but you may as well cut out expenses when you can.11. Buy in bulkNot only will you be making a lot of food for  Thanksgiving, but you’ll probably be planning to eat again someday. Buying in bulk saves money, and we are sure you’ll find a way to use any leftover ingredients.12. If you’re traveling, make plans way, way, way in advanceEvery one tries to travel for Thanksgiving, so the price of any airline, train, or bus ticket is way more expensive than most other times of year. Unless you’re driving, you will want to book your travel as early as you possibly can. It can be difficult to know whether you’ll be able to get time off for Thanksgiving, so investigate which airline or bus tickets will allow for a full refund, just in case. We wrote a whole blog post  on how to travel for less, so check it out to see which tips might be applicable for your  Thanksgiving  travel situation. Additional tips can be  found here.13. If you’re serving alcohol, keep the options limitedIt might impress your guests to have a fully stocked bar, but if there’s something they really want, they can bring it themselves. If you’re serving the hard stuff, don’t be afraid to go for the cheap option and get some bottles of juice or soda to mix it with it. A few hours in, who’s really going to notice anyway?14. Figure out your turk ey needs and do a little mathDoes it make sense to buy a whole bird, or could you settle for some breasts, thighs, and/or drumsticks? Those will also cook a lot faster. Or maybe, just maybe … you don’t need a turkey. We know, we know, that’s bordering on blasphemy, but if you have family or friends who prefer chicken anyway, it could be the cheaper option.15. Make your own stale breadYou’re not going to buy stale bread, or as they try to call it, “croutons,” from the store, are you? That’s a sucker’s game! Save up your bread for a week or so before Thanksgiving and use that for the stuffing. Just make sure it doesn’t get moldy. Store it in the fridge to help prevent catastrophe.16. Change up recipes as neededWe already mentioned looking for budget recipes, but you can typically turn almost any recipe into a budget recipe. It might take some experimentation, but since most recipes aren’t necessarily written for the budget conscious, there are likely all sorts of w ays you can cut corners and costs. Just find the cheaper substitutions.17. Minimize the meatThis is probably a given, but meat can be expensive. Unless all your guests are vegetarian or vegan, you might not be able to get away with skipping the turkey. However, there should be more than enough appetizers and sides you can make to avoid spending extra money on meat.18. Go for dried beansWe already mentioned that canned goods can be cheaper than fresh, but when it comes to beans, dried is usually cheaper than canned. Soak ‘em up or use a  slow cooker  if you’ve got one. Beans are cheap and filling, and you can have them as a  side dish  or add them to rice or stuffing.19. Make your own condimentsThousand Island dressing? We know you know that’s ketchup and mayo. You can easily make your own  Italian dressing,  too. Don’t get trapped under the heel of Big Condiment!20. Remember: It’s about friends and familyWhether you’re having a big turkey or a series of small turkey sand wiches,  Thanksgiving  is about being with friends and family and appreciating them. And that’s priceless.With these tips, you’ll turn your Turkey Day into a Turkey Yay! Happy  Thanksgiving, from us to you!This post was updated on October 14, 2019. It originally published November 2, 2017.  ContributorsAndrea Correale is the founder and CEO of Elegant Affairs based in Glen Cove, New York, and serving New York City, the Hamptons, and the Gold Coast of Long Island. Andrea has catered for some of the most discerning A-List taste buds including Brooke Shields, Mariah Carey, Russell Simmons, P. Diddy, Jimmy Fallon, and Liam Neeson â€" to name a few! Follow her @AndreaCorreale.Katie Moseman is a freelance writer, photographer, and recipe developer whose work can be found on her blogs, Recipe for Perfection and Magnolia Days, as well as in numerous national publications. She lives in Florida with her family. Follow her @RecipeForPerfec.